Unit 49 - Dementia Essay Example for Free

Unit 49 Dementia Essay I have been working for a while in the Nursing Home and I have met patients with different situations. We have been dealing with more Nursing residents but getting to know with Dementia patients is very interesting. I have met Mrs. E which had been discharged from the hospital. She couldn’t communicate properly on what she wants, even her family are having a problem to recognize the things she liked and wants. It was a challenge for us to help her in her daily personal hygiene and especially eating and drinking. When she arrived we tried to comfort her and made comfortable. Her family was very supportive in her care but it’s very hard to predict what she really wants. We checked her weight, as the process of checking if what they need for their nutrition. Mrs. E had been spitting out food at meal times so we have tried to give her sweet drinks to divert her attention with the food. During the past days we have been trying to identify on how to communicate with her through different ways until we tried to hold her hands while eating to keep her calm. Because of the Dementia Mrs. E had, she had lost weight for the past days because she didn’t have good nutrition and until when she’s a bit settled in her new home, she has been eating well. With the assessment of the Nurse, her diet was then changed to soft. She is able to swallow her food straight away without chewing more that makes her more agitated. Her diet was changed because she don’t like to use her dentures, she don’t want anything that bothers her in her mouth. Mrs. E was admitted to the hospital because of poor nutrition caused by her Dementia. She wasn’t eating and drinking very well until she was settled in the home where she had been attended to by the carers regularly. We gave her different kinds of food, until we gave her the food that she likes to swallow. So now we knew that she likes soft foods like mousse, ice cream and anything sweet. It was emotionally very good to Mrs. E because it will make her calmer and settled if we have achieved to give her what she wanted. When she first came to the Home, Mrs. E is very unsettled. With her shouting and crying, other residents had been affected with her in the dining room. I wasn’t a very good atmosphere for Mrs E and the other residents and affected them so much in their meals. Some of them just go out without eating because of her in the dining room shouting. Since then we tried to make changes with the meal times and until we make her settled. We have to give her more attention, because when you just leave her and try to serve others she will then started to make cries and shouts because she can hear the noise in the dining room in which she don’t know what to do and made her agitated. So we have to give her more time to have her meal, along with those who need assistance with their food. Person-centred care played a very important role in Mrs E’s stay in the Home. We have been trying many ways on how we could communicate with her on what she wants to do, especially with her food. It helped the carers to recognize the wants of Mrs E with her food and gave the kitchen staff the list she is having and the kind of drinks she is taking. She wanted to have a quiet environment during meal times to make her calmer. With the families helped in the history of Mrs E, it was a great helped in assessing the right kind of care to be given to her. The way she deals with her personal hygiene, to the likes of her dress and the kind of food she wants. Through the care plan the carers have the basis of the thing they need to assist Mrs E in her care. It helped us in the care we give her and the food she’s having. I have met Mr L, who has been admitted at the Home and his daughter gave us his life’s history prior to his stroke. He wasn’t been eating and drinking he was not very well. That’s why his family decided to have him in the home to be taken care by the carers. We have been helping Him in the morning with his personal care as due to the stroke Mr L couldn’t move his left side very well. He could still immobilised himself through standing but with a help by us. He was very kind man but the problem is he is not eating very well. As we have seen in His care plan that we need to encourage him to eat and drink. Through the helped of His daughter we learned that because of his dementia he always forget the time of the day when he is still leaving on his own until He was not feeling well because He had no proper nutrition that He needs. Dealing his personal centred care we ask Him what time he usually eats breakfast, lunch and dinner and what kind of drinks He wants. He told us that He prefers to eat his meals in His room, because He was a writer before, he is just fund of reading books and papers. After a while in His stay at the Home he gets better, by giving Him the food at the right time and by helping Him with eating and drinking. As the result of this learning it has been very challenging in dealing this kind sickness. I know that we are not having full dementia unit but I am looking forward to learn more and to apply the things that I have learned in the different areas of Dementia.

Nazi Olympics Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Nazi Olympics The 1936 Olympics in Berlin, also known as the â€Å"Nazi Olympics†, was a milestone in the history of the world. All of the attention of the Olympics that year was focused on Adolf Hitler and the Nazis. In 1933, Nazi leader Adolf Hitler became leader of Germany and quickly turned the nation's democracy into a one-party dictatorship. He took thousands of political opponents, holding them without trial in concentration camps. The Nazis also set up a program to strengthen the Germanic Aryan population. They began to exclude all one-half million Jews from the population, and German life. As part of the drive to "purify" and strengthen the German population, a 1933 law permitted physicians to perform forced sterilizations of psychiatric patients and congenitally handicapped persons, Gypsies, and Blacks (Encarta Encyclopedia 1996 [CD-ROM]). The 1936 Olympics in Berlin caused many worries, problems, and questions for America and other countries throughout the world. On 13 May 1931, the International Olympic Committee awarded the 1936 Summer Olympics to Berlin. The choice seemed to signal Germany's return to the world community after defeat in World War I. Berlin had forty-three votes, and Barcelona, Spain, the other option, had sixteen. The choice showed that Germany was being included once more in the world community. It also showed the International Olympic committee’s respect for Dr. Theodor Lewald, and Carl Diem, German sports leaders. Both men had been the planners for the 1916 Olympics that was scheduled, but was cancelled. Since then, they have been urging the Olympics to attempt to go back to Germany. Both Lewald and Diem were very pleased with the results (Mandell The Nazi Olympics 39). On 30 January 1933, the German president, Paul von Hindenburg, selected Adolf Hitler to be the head of the government. This was very unexpected. Hitler was the leader of an extreme right-wing political party, the National Socialist German Workers (Nazi) Party. Hitler sought to expand Germany with new territories and boundaries. Hitler also focused on rebuilding Germany’s military strength. In many speeches Hitler made, he spoke often about the value of â€Å"racial purity† and the dominance of the Aryan master race. The Nazi’s spread their racist beliefs in schools through textbooks, radios, new... ...oft Encarta The 1936 Olympics [CD-ROM] Microsoft, 1996 Sirracose, Constantine. History of the Olympic Games Seaburn Books, 15 March 2000 Swaddling, Judith. The Ancient Olympic Games HRH The Princess Royal, January 2000 Bibliography Bachrach, Susan D. The Nazi Olympics: Berlin 1936 Boston, MA : Little, Brown and Company, 2000 Green, Robert. â€Å"Berlin Olympics exhibition opens in Washington† Dateline: WASHINGTON 19 July 1996 Hoadley, Johanna. â€Å"’36 Olympic Hopefuls Remember Nazi Past† Scripps Howard News Service,as provided by SCRIPPS HOWARD NEWS SERVICE 19 July 1996 Kastor, Elisabeth. â€Å"Olympic History† The Washington Post 19 September 2000 : C15 Kindersly, Dorling. The Olympic Games: Athens 1896-Sydney 2000 Chronicle of the Games, 1 July 2000 Mandell, Richard. The Nazi Olympics Illinois : Sports and Society, 1987 Martin, David. The Olympic Marathon Human Kinetics, May 2000 Microsoft Encarta 1996 The 1936 Olympics [CD-ROM] Microsoft, 1996 Microsoft Encarta 2001 The 1936 Olympics (The Nazi Olympics) [CD-ROM] Microsoft, 2001 Sirracose, Constantine. History of the Olympic Games Seaburn Books, 15 March 2000 Swaddling, Judith. The Ancient Olympic Games HRH The Princess Royal, January 2000

Volumetric Vinegar Analysis

Experiment 9 and 10: Volumetric/Vinegar Analysis Abstract: The goal of the experiment that was conducted was to figure out both the molar concentration of NaOH and the standard mole ratio of the NaOH solution. In order to find the concentration of the NaOH solution, volumetric analysis was used. In volumetric analysis, a titration mechanism was utilized in order to find the reaction that the base will end up having with KHC8H4O4. , also known as KHP. Phenolphthalein, which is the indicator that was used in this experiment, assisted in figuring out at exactly what point was there neutralization.The indicator turns the solution into a bright pink color once neutralization has occurred. In experiment 10, the average molarity of NaOH that was found in experiment nine was used in order to find out if the vinegar that was being used in the experiment contained around the same percent mass of acetic acid that is found in regular vinegar. The experimental value of NaOH that was used was 1. 0 425 grams and the molarity of NaOH was found to be 0. 089 m/L of NaOH. Towards the conclusion of the experiment, the average percent mass of acetic acid was calculated and found to be 1. 695%.Regular house hold vinegar’s average percent mass of acetic acid usually ranges to 4-5%. Based on the percent mass of acetic acid obtained in the experiment, the vinegar that was used in experiment 10 was clearly not house hold vinegar. The hypothesis for this experiment was, if the average percent mass of acetic acid ranged between 4-5%, then it is house hold vinegar. However, due to the results from the experiments conducted, this hypothesis was rejected. In order to obtain the results that the groups were searching for, titration was used in both experiments to find the answer.The method of titration involves the measurement of KHP and NaOH. Afterwards, the volumetric analysis was used, with the indicator included. The experiment starts by finding the measurements of KHP. The indicato r was added later on, and then the titration began with the NaOH solution. It was apparent once the solution was neutralized because the indicator caused the solution to turn bright pink. The experiment also required the utilization of volumetric mass in order to find the percent mass of acetic acid in vinegar.The mass of vinegar is then titrated along with the indicator endpoint with the sodium hydroxide solution. In order to find the average acetic percent mass of vinegar, the concentration found in NaOH in experiment 9 was utilized together with the known volume of NaOH. Materials: Please refer to Experiment 9 and 10 on pages 127-136 and 137-142, of Laboratory Manual for Principles of General chemistry 9th Edition by J. A. Beran. The only deviation that was performed during this experiment was the two to three extra drops of the indicator phenolphthalein in order to distinguish a titration point.Results: Experiment 9: Data: |Table 1: Measurement |Trial 1 |Trial 2 | |Mass of KHC8H 4O4. (g) |. 509 g |. 501 g | |Buret Reading of NaOH (mL) |28. 3 mL |26. 7 mL | Table 1 shows the measurements recorded for experiment 9, volumetric analysis Table 2: Calculations |Trial 1 |Trial 2 | |Moles of KHC8H4O4 (mol) |. 000303 |. 0002485 | |Volume of NaOH Dispensed (L) |. 0034 |. 0032 | |Molar Concentration of NaOH (mol/L) |. 089 |. 089 | Table 2 shows the calculations derived from experiment 9, volumetric analysis Calculations:Moles of KHC8H4O4 x 1 mol KHC8H4O4/ Molar Mass KHC8H4O4: 0. 089 m/L NaOH x 0. 0034 L= . 000303 moles NaOH 0. 089 m/L NaOH x 0. 0032 L= 0. 0002485 NaOH Volume of NaOH Dispensed (mL): Buret Reading of NaOH= 28. 3 mL, 26. 7 mL Molar Concentration Concentration of NaOH: 2. 45 x 10 -3 mol OH-/. 0275 L NaOH = 0. 089 M/L NaOH Results: Experiment 10 |Table 3: Measurement |Trial 1 |Trial 2 | |Mass of Vinegar (g) |1. 048 g |1. 37 g | |Buret Reading of NaOH (mL) |3. 4 mL |3. 2 mL | Table 3 shows the measurements recorded for experiment 10, vinegar analysis |Table 4: Calculations |Trial 1 |Trial 2 | |Volume of NaOH Used (mL)(L) |3. 4(. 0034) |3. 2(. 0032) | |Molar Concentration of NaOH (mol/L) (given) |0. 089 |0. 89 | |Molar Mass of Acetic Acid (g/mol) |. 0182 |. 0171 | |Mass of Acetic Acid in Vinegar (g) |1. 048 g |1. 037 g | |Avg. Percent Mass of Acetic Acid in Vinegar (%) |1. 695% | | Table 4 shows the calculations derived from experiment 10, vinegar analysis. Calculations: 1. Molar Concentration of NaOH (mol/L) Given (. M Solution) 2. Mass of Acetic Acid in Vinegar (g): Moles of Acetic Acid (mol) x Molar Mass of Acetic Acid (g/mol): 3. 026 x 10 -4moles of acetic acid x 60. 05 g/mol= . 0182 g 2. 848 x 10 -4moles of acetic acid x 60. 05 g/mol= . 0171 g 3. Avg. Percent Mass of Acid in Vinegar (%): 1. 65%+1. 74%/2= 1. 695% Discussion: The experiment began by adding NaOH to the mixture of deionized water and KHP in the beaker. The H+ ion that is found in KHP, reacted to the OH- ions that are found in the NaOH solution, even as more of the Na OH continued to be added into the mixture.When there turned out to be an abundance of NaOH, there were no longer any H+ to be added to KHP. As a solution, the extra OH-ions were found in the NaOH solution was used to make the indicator activate and make the solution turn pink. It was imperative that the solution be mixed the correct way. If it was not mixed the correct way, the results from the experiment will be inaccurate. If the reading had proven to be inaccurate because of that mistake, the volume of the NaOH solution mixed with the KHP will eventually get neutralized to a point where the numbers in the results would be very off.Two trials were done in this experiment in order to ensure that that mistake never happened and the volume of NaOH was found. Once the solution had finally been able to neutralize, the moles of the KHP were found and ended up being equal to the moles of NaOH. This information allowed for the molarity to be found. The average molarity that was in NaOH ha d been found in experiment 9, it was . 089 M. Both experiments 9 and 10 seemed to have similar traits because both of them involved titration. The titration was used in order to find the number of moles that was found in the acetic acid of the vinegar solution that was used.The normal amount of acetic acid found in household vinegar is between 4-5%. The experiments helped determine that household vinegar was definitely not the vinegar that was being used since the acetic amount that was found was 1. 695%. Conclusion The hypothesis was proven in the first experiment because the base of NaOH did end up neutralizing KHP’s acids. The indicator turned the solution pink; therefore the hypothesis in the first experiment was not rejected. The experiment involving the molarity of NaOH was very close in numbers. The molarity that was given was . 1 M, and the molarity that was found in the experiment was . 89 M. The hypothesis for the second experiment was â€Å"If the average percent mass of acetic acid ranged between 4-5%, then the vinegar that was being used for the experiment was household vinegar. † However, since the average percent mass of acetic acid resulted as 1. 695%, which was lower than household vinegar; this caused the hypothesis to be rejected. Works Cited Beran, Jo A. Laboratory Manual for Principles of General Chemistry. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2011. Print. Tro, Nivaldo J. Principles of Chemistry: A Molecular Approach. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2010. Print. Volumetric Vinegar Analysis Experiment 9 and 10: Volumetric/Vinegar Analysis Abstract: The goal of the experiment that was conducted was to figure out both the molar concentration of NaOH and the standard mole ratio of the NaOH solution. In order to find the concentration of the NaOH solution, volumetric analysis was used. In volumetric analysis, a titration mechanism was utilized in order to find the reaction that the base will end up having with KHC8H4O4. , also known as KHP. Phenolphthalein, which is the indicator that was used in this experiment, assisted in figuring out at exactly what point was there neutralization.The indicator turns the solution into a bright pink color once neutralization has occurred. In experiment 10, the average molarity of NaOH that was found in experiment nine was used in order to find out if the vinegar that was being used in the experiment contained around the same percent mass of acetic acid that is found in regular vinegar. The experimental value of NaOH that was used was 1. 0 425 grams and the molarity of NaOH was found to be 0. 089 m/L of NaOH. Towards the conclusion of the experiment, the average percent mass of acetic acid was calculated and found to be 1. 695%.Regular house hold vinegar’s average percent mass of acetic acid usually ranges to 4-5%. Based on the percent mass of acetic acid obtained in the experiment, the vinegar that was used in experiment 10 was clearly not house hold vinegar. The hypothesis for this experiment was, if the average percent mass of acetic acid ranged between 4-5%, then it is house hold vinegar. However, due to the results from the experiments conducted, this hypothesis was rejected. In order to obtain the results that the groups were searching for, titration was used in both experiments to find the answer.The method of titration involves the measurement of KHP and NaOH. Afterwards, the volumetric analysis was used, with the indicator included. The experiment starts by finding the measurements of KHP. The indicato r was added later on, and then the titration began with the NaOH solution. It was apparent once the solution was neutralized because the indicator caused the solution to turn bright pink. The experiment also required the utilization of volumetric mass in order to find the percent mass of acetic acid in vinegar.The mass of vinegar is then titrated along with the indicator endpoint with the sodium hydroxide solution. In order to find the average acetic percent mass of vinegar, the concentration found in NaOH in experiment 9 was utilized together with the known volume of NaOH. Materials: Please refer to Experiment 9 and 10 on pages 127-136 and 137-142, of Laboratory Manual for Principles of General chemistry 9th Edition by J. A. Beran. The only deviation that was performed during this experiment was the two to three extra drops of the indicator phenolphthalein in order to distinguish a titration point.Results: Experiment 9: Data: |Table 1: Measurement |Trial 1 |Trial 2 | |Mass of KHC8H 4O4. (g) |. 509 g |. 501 g | |Buret Reading of NaOH (mL) |28. 3 mL |26. 7 mL | Table 1 shows the measurements recorded for experiment 9, volumetric analysis Table 2: Calculations |Trial 1 |Trial 2 | |Moles of KHC8H4O4 (mol) |. 000303 |. 0002485 | |Volume of NaOH Dispensed (L) |. 0034 |. 0032 | |Molar Concentration of NaOH (mol/L) |. 089 |. 089 | Table 2 shows the calculations derived from experiment 9, volumetric analysis Calculations:Moles of KHC8H4O4 x 1 mol KHC8H4O4/ Molar Mass KHC8H4O4: 0. 089 m/L NaOH x 0. 0034 L= . 000303 moles NaOH 0. 089 m/L NaOH x 0. 0032 L= 0. 0002485 NaOH Volume of NaOH Dispensed (mL): Buret Reading of NaOH= 28. 3 mL, 26. 7 mL Molar Concentration Concentration of NaOH: 2. 45 x 10 -3 mol OH-/. 0275 L NaOH = 0. 089 M/L NaOH Results: Experiment 10 |Table 3: Measurement |Trial 1 |Trial 2 | |Mass of Vinegar (g) |1. 048 g |1. 37 g | |Buret Reading of NaOH (mL) |3. 4 mL |3. 2 mL | Table 3 shows the measurements recorded for experiment 10, vinegar analysis |Table 4: Calculations |Trial 1 |Trial 2 | |Volume of NaOH Used (mL)(L) |3. 4(. 0034) |3. 2(. 0032) | |Molar Concentration of NaOH (mol/L) (given) |0. 089 |0. 89 | |Molar Mass of Acetic Acid (g/mol) |. 0182 |. 0171 | |Mass of Acetic Acid in Vinegar (g) |1. 048 g |1. 037 g | |Avg. Percent Mass of Acetic Acid in Vinegar (%) |1. 695% | | Table 4 shows the calculations derived from experiment 10, vinegar analysis. Calculations: 1. Molar Concentration of NaOH (mol/L) Given (. M Solution) 2. Mass of Acetic Acid in Vinegar (g): Moles of Acetic Acid (mol) x Molar Mass of Acetic Acid (g/mol): 3. 026 x 10 -4moles of acetic acid x 60. 05 g/mol= . 0182 g 2. 848 x 10 -4moles of acetic acid x 60. 05 g/mol= . 0171 g 3. Avg. Percent Mass of Acid in Vinegar (%): 1. 65%+1. 74%/2= 1. 695% Discussion: The experiment began by adding NaOH to the mixture of deionized water and KHP in the beaker. The H+ ion that is found in KHP, reacted to the OH- ions that are found in the NaOH solution, even as more of the Na OH continued to be added into the mixture.When there turned out to be an abundance of NaOH, there were no longer any H+ to be added to KHP. As a solution, the extra OH-ions were found in the NaOH solution was used to make the indicator activate and make the solution turn pink. It was imperative that the solution be mixed the correct way. If it was not mixed the correct way, the results from the experiment will be inaccurate. If the reading had proven to be inaccurate because of that mistake, the volume of the NaOH solution mixed with the KHP will eventually get neutralized to a point where the numbers in the results would be very off.Two trials were done in this experiment in order to ensure that that mistake never happened and the volume of NaOH was found. Once the solution had finally been able to neutralize, the moles of the KHP were found and ended up being equal to the moles of NaOH. This information allowed for the molarity to be found. The average molarity that was in NaOH ha d been found in experiment 9, it was . 089 M. Both experiments 9 and 10 seemed to have similar traits because both of them involved titration. The titration was used in order to find the number of moles that was found in the acetic acid of the vinegar solution that was used.The normal amount of acetic acid found in household vinegar is between 4-5%. The experiments helped determine that household vinegar was definitely not the vinegar that was being used since the acetic amount that was found was 1. 695%. Conclusion The hypothesis was proven in the first experiment because the base of NaOH did end up neutralizing KHP’s acids. The indicator turned the solution pink; therefore the hypothesis in the first experiment was not rejected. The experiment involving the molarity of NaOH was very close in numbers. The molarity that was given was . 1 M, and the molarity that was found in the experiment was . 89 M. The hypothesis for the second experiment was â€Å"If the average percent mass of acetic acid ranged between 4-5%, then the vinegar that was being used for the experiment was household vinegar. † However, since the average percent mass of acetic acid resulted as 1. 695%, which was lower than household vinegar; this caused the hypothesis to be rejected. Works Cited Beran, Jo A. Laboratory Manual for Principles of General Chemistry. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2011. Print. Tro, Nivaldo J. Principles of Chemistry: A Molecular Approach. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2010. Print.

Human Trafficking Has Become An International Crime

According to dictionary.com, human trafficking is the illegal practice of procuring or trading in human beings for the purpose of prostitution, forced labor, or other forms of exploitation. Human trafficking has become an international crime, affecting the lives of men, women, and children. There are several motives for human trafficking, but in Nepal, trafficking is mainly concentrated on domestic work and prostitution. While most people wouldn’t associate disease and post-traumatic stress disorder with victims of human trafficking, in reality, it tragically affects the lives of many women. Human trafficking exploits women in ways that include forced labor, slavery, servitude, sexual exploitation, or removal of human organs. In Nepal†¦show more content†¦These women and young girls not only suffer from being taken away from their families, but also dealing with being beaten, sexually abused, but also undergo mental strain and illness. The women who are trafficked suffer from a great deal of psychological abuse, leading to many mental health issues. In Cathy Zimmerman, Mazeda Hossain, and Charlotte Watt’s article, the authors describe different factors that lead to mental health issues in survivors. Traffickers use forms of intimidations to coerce women to obey and refrain from seeking rescue by threatening their loved ones and using blackmail. Because the women are being sold to different people constantly, their surroundings change uncontrollably, and often end up in unsafe environments. Due to these drastic changes and living in constant fear has lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which can cause sleep issues, nightmares, memory loss, violent outbursts, and other aggressive behavior. Along with PTSD, many survivors experience signs of depression, leading to self-harm, and even suicide. â€Å"17% of trafficked women who had worked as sex workers, scored over the cut-off point of measurement f or PTSD and 19% were over the cut-off on the depression scale† (Mental health of female survivors of human trafficking in